Presidentialism and Executive Orders on Sustainable Development in the Philippines, 1946-2025: Cabinet Coalescence and Cabinet Size

Adfin Rochmad Baidhowah; Iwan Satibi; Ummu Salamah; Andi Pitono; Heru Sulistiyo

doi:10.62503/gr.v4i2.71

Authors

Adfin Rochmad Baidhowah Department of Public Policy, Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (IPDN), Indonesia
Iwan Satibi Postgraduate School, Pasundan University, Indonesia
Ummu Salamah Postgraduate School, Pasundan University, Indonesia
Andi Pitono Department of Public Policy, Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (IPDN), Indonesia
Heru Sulistiyo Department of Economic Development and People Empowerment, Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (IPDN), Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62503/gr.v4i2.71

Keywords:

Sustainable Development, Presidentialism, Executive Orders, Executive-legislative Relations

Abstract

Progress of achieving sustainable development around the world varies including the Philippines. While most current literature has explained that economic growth, digital and technological development, natural resource management with protection, social and economic inclusion, inclusive human development, sustainable infrastructure management, public awareness, governance, and rule of law are the main powerful factors that determine progress, limited research analyzes on the law-making process under the presidential system through executive order issuance. To provide evidence and analyze the pattern, this study uses Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis on the 5,357 executive orders in 1946-2025. The empirical and statistical findings show that under sustainable development context, the higher level of cabinet coalescence which represents a more equal distribution of the positions of ministries for the presidents’ coalition based on the number of seats owned by the coalition in the legislature arena, and the bigger cabinet size which represents big number of political parties support in the legislature arena, then the more the presidents of the Philippines issue executive orders related with sustainable development. This result confirms that executive orders issuance related with sustainable development represent a crucial analytical window to a new knowledge in which state intervention policy on sustainable development in the presidentialism system under multi political party is subject to the government cabinet dynamics.

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