“Sekolah Ibu Program”: Women Resilience Program or Gender Blind Policy?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62503/gr.v2i1.13Keywords:
Women Resilience, Policy, Gender Inequality, “Sekolah Ibu Program”, Social WelfareAbstract
This article analyzes the Gender Blind Policy phenomenon in the “Sekolah Ibu Program” in Bogor City, Indonesia. This article aims to see whether there are gender gaps or inequality in the “Sekolah Ibu Program”. The “Sekolah Ibu Program” was created to reduce the divorce rate in Bogor City, Indonesia. The divorce trend in Bogor City has increased in the last three years. Therefore, the Bogor City government created a program to suppress divorce cases. In the “Sekolah Ibu Program”, there are learning modules such as parenting patterns, family health, family resilience, and others, so women are expected to have more knowledge about family resilience. The method used by the author in this research is Cresswell's qualitative case study approach. The author uses Naila Kabeer's Gender Blind Policy theory, which uses four indicators to determine the phenomenon in the program: participation, benefits, control, and access. These four indicators used to see the inequality and the gender gap in this program. The result shows that there is still a gender gap, such as what occurs in the “Sekolah Ibu Program”, where there are still limitations between women and their participation in the program.
References
Adeosun, O. T., & Owolabi, K. E. (2021). Gender Inequality: Determinants and Outcomes in Nigeria. Journal of Business and Socio-Economic Development, 1(2), 2635–1374. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBSED-01-2021-0007
Aggestam, K., Rosamond, A. B., & Kronsell, A. (2018). Theorising Feminist Foreign Policy. International Relations, 33(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178188118
Alemany, C., Slatter, C., & Enriquez, C. R. (2019). Gender Blindness and the Annulment of the Development Contract. Development and Change, 50(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12486
Allwood, G. (2019). Gender Equality in European Union Development Policy in Times of Crisis. Political Studies Review, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/1478929919863224
Altay, S. (2019). Patriarchy and Women’s Subordination: A Theoretical Analysis. Sarkiyat, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.26791/sarkiat.541704
Bensimon, E. M., & Marshall, C. (1997). Policy Analysis for Postsecondary Education. In Feminist Critical Policy Analysis II.
Benstead, L. J. (2021). Conceptualizing and Measuring Patriarchy: The Importance of Feminist Theory. Mediterranean Politics, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2020.1729627
Bishu, S. G. (2024). Tracing and Teaching Gender Across Core Public Affairs Curriculum. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2023.2216396
Chang, Q., Yip, P. S. ., & Chen, Y.-Y. (2019). Gender Inequality and Suicide Gender Ratios in the World. Journal of Affective Disorders, 243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.032
Chapsos, I., & Norman, E. A. (2023). Is Maritime Security Gender-Blind? Marine Policy, 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105399
Colley, L., Williamson, S., & Foley, M. (2020). Understanding, Ownership, or Resistance: Explaining Persistent Gender Inequality in Public Services. Gender, Work & Organization, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12553
Cresswell, J. (2015). Penelitian Kualitatif & Desain Riset Memilih diantara Lima Pendekatan (Vol. 6, Issue 4). Pustaka Pelajar.
Czymara, C. S., Langenkamp, A., & Cano, T. (2021). Cause for Concerns: Gender Inequality in Experiencing the COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany. European Societies in the Time of the Coronavirus Crisis, 23. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1808692
Freidenberg, F. D. (2019). Gender Blindness in Latin American Political Science. Meryka Lacinska, 26(3). https://doi.org/10.36551/20811152.2018.101.02
Goijaerts, J. (2022). Ambiguous Policy Paradigms in the Dutch Welfare State: A Gender-Blind Mix of Social Investment and Conservative Care. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxac029
Gonda, N. (2019). Re-politicizing the Gender and Climate Change Debate: The Potential of Feminist Political Ecology to Engage with Power in Action in Adaptation Policies and Projects in Nicaragua. Geoforum, 106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.07.020
Gundemir, S., Martin, A. E., & Homan, A. C. (2019). Understanding Diversity Ideologies From the Target’s Perspective: A Review and Future Directions. Systematic Review, 10.
Hadi, A. (2019). Patriarchy and Gender-Based Violence in Pakistan. European Journal of Social Science Education and Research, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v10i2.p297-304
Heise, L., Greene, M. E., Opper, N., Stavropoulou, M., Harper, C., & Nascimento, M. (2019). Gender Inequality and Restrictive Gender Norms: Framing the Challenges to Health. Gender Equality, Norms and Health, 393(10189), 2440–2454. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30652-X
Hossen, M. S. (2020). Patriarchy Practice and Women’s Subordination in the Society of Bangladesh: An Analytical Review. Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(3). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3670335
Ibrahim, L. F., Seran, G. G., & Pratidina, G. G. (2019). Implementasi Program Pemberdayaan Perempuan Korban Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga di Kota Bogor. Jurnal Governansi, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.30997/jgs.v5i1.1709
Kabeer, N., & Subrahmanian, R. (1996). Gender Poverty and Institutional Exclusion: Lessons from Integrated Rural Development and Development of Women and Children in Rural areas. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4383.7282
Karunia, D., Purnaningsih, N., Sains, D., Masyarakat, P., & Manusia, F. E. (2021). Efektivitas Program Sekolah Ibu ( Kasus Kelurahan Situgede , Kecamatan Bogor Barat , Provinsi Jawa Barat ) The Effectiveness of Sekolah Ibu Program ( Case : Situgede Village , Sub- district of Bogor Barat , Jawa Barat Province ). 05(02), 408–417.
Kleven, H., Landais, C., & Soogard, J. E. (2019). Children and Gender Inequality: Evidence from Denmark. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 11(4), 181–209. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180010
Koenig, A. M. (2021). Comparing Genderblind and Colorblind Ideologies in Public and Private Contexts. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 51(9). https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12808
Kroese, I. C. (2022). Sex/Gender-Blind Training Maintains and Creates Inequity. Gender, Work & Organization, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12947
Landivar, L. C., Ruppanner, L., & Collins, C. (2020). Early Signs Indicate That COVID-19 Is Exacerbating Gender Inequality in the Labor Force. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 6. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023120947997
Lawless, S., Cohen, P. J., Mangubhai, S., Kleiber, D., & Morrison, T. H. (2021). Gender Equality is Diluted in Commitments Made to Small-Scale Fisheries. World Development, 140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105348
Leow, R. (2022). The Patriarchy of Diaspora: Race Fantasy and Gender Blindness in Chen Da’s Studies of the Nanyang Chinese. Twentieth-Century China, 47(3). https://doi.org/10.1353/tcc.2022.0030
Mantouvalou, K. (2020). COVID-19 and Gender-Blind Responses: Key Policies Adopted Across the UK and EU Put Many Women at Risk.
Nisak, S. S., & Sugiharti, L. (2020). Gender Inequality and Women Poverty in Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(9).
O’Connor, P. (2020). Why is it so Difficult to Reduce Gender Inequality in Male-Dominated Higher Educational Organizations? A Feminist Institutional Perspective. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 45(2), 207–228. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2020.1737903
Okezone. (2018). Bogor Punya Sekolah Ibu, Apa itu? https://edukasi.okezone.com/read/2018/07/17/65/1923452/bogor-punya-sekolah-ibu-apa-itu
Ortner, S. B. (2022). Patriarchy. Feminist Anthropology, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/fea2.12081
Pemerintah Daerah Kota Bogor. (2020). Program Sekolah Ibu Kota Bogor Sabet Juara 1 PPD Jawa Barat. [online] available https://kotabogor.go.id/index.php/show_post/detail/14090/program-sekolah-ibu-kota-bogor-sabet-juara-1-ppd-jawa-barat accessed on March 2024
Permana, G. N. (2021). Kontribusi Program Ketahanan Keluarga Terhadap Pencegahan Perceraian. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Pringle, R. (1995). Destabilising Patriarchy. Routledge.
Putri, S. F. (2021). Kebijakan Pemerintah Kota Bogor melalui Penyelenggaraan Pembangunan Ketahanan Keluarga dalam Menekan Angka Perceraian (Studi terhadap Peraturan Daerah Kota Bogor Nomor 1 Tahun 2019). UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Qin, Y., Duan, W., Wu, Q., & Lu, Z. (2024). Dismantling Gender Blindness in Online Discussion of a Crime/Gender Dichotomy. Human Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.01697
Quek, K. (2019). Patriarchy. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114691.00014
Radjabova, A. M. (2022). From Gender Blindness to Gender Equality Policy. International Journal of Social Science And Human Research, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i3-08
Raj, T., & Kumari, P. (2022). Implication of Women’s Rights and Gender Mainstreaming: An End to the Myth of Feminism and Gender Blindness. Supremo, Amicus, 30.
Rakow, L. F. (1986). Feminist Approaches to Popular Culture: Giving Patriarchy its Due. Routledge.
Silva, M. S., & Klasen, S. (2021). Gender Inequality as a Barrier to Economic Growth: a Review of the Theoretical Literature. Review of Economics of the Household, 19, 581–614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-020-09535-6
Skidmore, N. M. (2019). United Nations Women Peace and Security Agenda: Essentialism, Well-Intentioned Feminist International Relations Theory, and The Gender Blind Spots They Create.
Stoll, L. C., Lilley, T. G., & Block, R. J. (2018). The Effects of Gender-Blind Sexism on Rape Myth Acceptance: Results From a Nationally Representative Study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(11–12). https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518807912
Vossenberg, S. (2020). Gendered Institutions Matter, a Middle Ground Between Feminist and Gender-Blind Perspectives on Enterprise Development. Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Wayan, K. Y. I., & Nyoman, S. (2020). Women and Cultural Patriarchy in Politics. https://doi.org/10.33258/BIRCI.V3I3.1148
Wood, H. J. (2021). Gender Inequality: The Problem of Harmful, Patriarchal, Traditional and Cultural Gender Practices in the Church. Teological Studies, 75(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v75i1.5177
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Government & Resilience
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All articles published in Government & Resilience (G&R) are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license.
Under this license, authors retain the copyright to their work while granting Government & Resilience (G&R) the non-exclusive right to publish, distribute, and identify itself as the original publisher of the article.
The CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license permits anyone to copy, distribute, display, perform, and adapt the published work for non-commercial purposes, provided that:
- appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the journal;
- a link to the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license is provided;
- any changes made are clearly indicated; and
- any derivative works are distributed under the same CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
Commercial use of the published material requires prior permission from the copyright holder(s).
Authors are free to deposit the published version of their articles in institutional repositories, personal websites, or other non-commercial platforms, provided that proper acknowledgment is given to the original publication in Government & Resilience (G&R).
A link to the full license text should also be provided: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
